Features of glucoside detergents
• Gentle on proteins, minimizing denaturation
• Non-ionic nature—reduces electrostatic interactions
• Low critical micelle concentration (CMC)
• High-purity with low UV absorptivity
Overall, glucoside detergents are versatile and can be used in various experimental techniques, including protein purification, crystallization, and structural biology studies. They are compatible with a wide range of biomolecules and can be employed in both membrane and soluble protein research. With their gentle nature and versatile performance, glucoside detergents have become valuable tools in the field of biochemical research.
Octyl-beta-Glucoside
Octyl-beta-Glucoside (OG) is a low molecular weight, non-ionic detergent with an octyl chain attached to the glucose moiety that has been widely used for membrane protein solubilization. OG is generally more soluble in aqueous solutions and forms clear and stable solutions at higher concentrations. OG typically forms larger micelles compared to OTG. The larger micelles of OG can be advantageous for certain applications, such as protein purification or structural studies, as they provide better solubility and reduced interference during downstream processes.
Properties of OG
• Alternative names: octyl-beta-glucopyranoside, octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
• Molecular weight: 292.37 g
• Micelle molecular weight: 8000 g
• Critical micelle concentration (CMC): 23 to 25 mM (0.6716 to 0.7300%, w/v)
• Aggregation number: 27
• Cloud point: >100°C
• Optically clear: low absorbance at 280 nm
Octylthio Glucoside
Octylthio Glucoside (OTG) is a low molecular weight, nonionic detergent that is effective for cell lysis and nondenaturing protein solubilization. It is resistant to beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase degradation because the thioether group present in OTG provides protection against enzymatic hydrolysis. As a result, OTG can remain stable in the presence of beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase enzymes, making it useful in applications where enzymatic stability is desired. However, it is important to note that the specific stability of OTG can still be influenced by factors such as enzyme concentration, reaction conditions, and the specific enzymes present.
Properties of OTG
• Chemical name: n-octyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside
• Molecular weight: 44 g
• CMC: 9 mM (0.2772%, w/v)
• Cloud point: >100°C
• Optically clear: low absorbance at 280 nm
n-Nonyl-β-D-glucoside
n-Nonyl-β-D-glucoside (NG) has a longer alkyl chain (nonyl) compared to other glucosides. The longer alkyl chain in n-Nonyl-β-D-glucoside can confer higher hydrophobicity and potentially stronger detergent properties. This can enhance the solubilization of hydrophobic biomolecules and improve the extraction of membrane proteins. It may also induce different interactions with lipid bilayers, influencing the stability, fluidity, and permeability of the lipid bilayer, potentially impacting the behavior of membrane proteins. In addition, NG forms larger micelles compared to glucosides with shorter alkyl chains.
Properties of NG
• CMC: (H2O) ~ 6.5 mM (0.20%)
• Aggregation number: ~ 133
• Purity: ≥ 99% β+α (by HPLC analysis)
• pH: 5-8 (1% solution in water)
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