換向閥是具有兩種以上流動(dòng)形式和兩個(gè)以上油口的方向控制閥。是實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓油流的溝通、切斷和換向,以及壓力卸載和順序動(dòng)作控制的閥門??块y芯與閥體的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向控制閥。有轉(zhuǎn) 閥式和滑閥式兩種。按閥芯在閥體內(nèi)停留的工作位 置數(shù)分為二位、三位等;按與閥體相連的油路數(shù)分為 二通、三通、四通和六通等;操作閥芯運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式有 手動(dòng)、機(jī)動(dòng)、電動(dòng)、液動(dòng)、電液等型式。
The reversing valve is a directional control valve with more than two flow patterns and more than two oil ports. It is a valve that realizes the communication, cut-off and reversal of hydraulic oil flow, as well as pressure unloading and sequential action control. The directional control valve depends on the relative movement of the valve core and the valve body. There are two types: rotary valve type and slide valve type. According to the number of working positions where the spool stays in the valve body, it is divided into two positions, three positions, etc.; according to the number of oil passages connected to the valve body, it is divided into two, three, four, and six ports, etc.; the way of operating the spool movement There are manual, motorized, electric, hydraulic, electro-hydraulic and other types.
簡(jiǎn)介
雙向換向閥
換向閥又稱克里斯閥,閥門的一種,具有多向可調(diào)的通道,可適時(shí)改變流體流向??煞譃槭謩?dòng)換向閥、電磁換向閥、電液換向閥等。
The reversing valve, also known as the Chris valve, is a type of valve with multi-directional adjustable channels that can change the direction of fluid flow in a timely manner. It can be divided into manual reversing valve, electromagnetic reversing valve, electro-hydraulic reversing valve and so on.
工作時(shí)借著閥外的驅(qū)動(dòng)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸,帶動(dòng)搖拐臂,啟動(dòng)閥板,使工作流體時(shí)而從左入口通向閥的下部出口,時(shí)而從右入口變換通向下部出口,實(shí)現(xiàn)了周期變換流向的目的。
這種變換閥在石油、化工生產(chǎn)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用,在合成氨造氣系統(tǒng)中常用。此外,換向閥還可作成閥瓣式的結(jié)構(gòu),多用于較小流量的場(chǎng)合。工作時(shí)只需轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手輪通過(guò)閥瓣來(lái)變換工作流體的流向。
工作原理
六通換向閥主要由閥體、密封組件、凸輪、閥桿、手柄和閥蓋等零部件組成(圖1)。閥門由手柄驅(qū)動(dòng),通過(guò)手柄帶動(dòng)閥桿與凸輪旋轉(zhuǎn),凸輪具有定位驅(qū)動(dòng)與鎖定密封組件的開(kāi)啟與關(guān)閉功能。手柄逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),兩組密封組件分別在凸輪的作用下關(guān)閉下端的兩個(gè)通道,上端的兩個(gè)通道分別與管道裝置的進(jìn)口相通。反之,上端的兩個(gè)通道關(guān)閉,下端兩個(gè)通道與管道裝置的進(jìn)口相通,實(shí)現(xiàn)了不停車換向。
1上閥蓋 2手柄 3閥桿 4凸輪 5密封組件 6閥蓋 7閥體
(1)六通閥的閥體由隔板分成兩腔,每腔都有3個(gè)通道,中間為進(jìn)油口,兩端為出油口。閥體為碳鋼板焊結(jié)構(gòu),體積小,質(zhì)量輕,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,提高了材料的利用率,縮短了生產(chǎn)周期,降低了成本。密封面堆焊不銹鋼,防銹耐腐蝕,密封面經(jīng)過(guò)精加工后拋光研磨,表面粗糙度Ra≤0.8μm。
(2)六通閥有兩組密封組件。每組密封組件(圖2)由閥瓣、密封圈、調(diào)整塊、調(diào)節(jié)螺釘、夾板和螺栓組成。閥瓣為碳鋼板焊件,設(shè)有加強(qiáng)筋,即增加閥瓣強(qiáng)度又起導(dǎo)向作用,保證每組閥瓣間的同軸度。閥瓣上鑲嵌聚氨脂橡膠圈,該材料具有耐油、耐磨損、性能穩(wěn)定、密封良好和使用壽命長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn)。在凸輪的作用下,密封圈的球面與閥體密封面相接觸產(chǎn)生擠壓彈性變形,達(dá)到密封效果。調(diào)整塊和調(diào)節(jié)螺釘在兩組密封組件不能同步到位時(shí)可起調(diào)整作用,確保各通道密封性能同步到位。
1夾板 2螺栓 3調(diào)整塊 4閥瓣 5密封圈 6調(diào)整螺釘
(3)閥桿與閥體隔板和上閥蓋間的軸向密封采用O形圈。
(4)閥體隔板及上閥蓋軸孔部位鑲有銅套,可減小與O形圈間的摩擦力矩,密封組件開(kāi)啟與關(guān)閉靈活,操作力矩小。
(5)上閥蓋設(shè)有指示牌及限位螺釘,閥桿上安裝指針,明確指示各通道的接通狀況,易于操作。
優(yōu)點(diǎn)
動(dòng)作準(zhǔn)確、自動(dòng)化程度高、工作穩(wěn)定可靠,但需附設(shè)驅(qū)動(dòng)和冷卻系統(tǒng),結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜;閥瓣式結(jié)構(gòu)則較簡(jiǎn)單,多用于流量較小的生產(chǎn)工藝上。
在石油、化工、礦山和冶金等行業(yè)中,六通換向閥是一種重要的流體換向設(shè)備。該閥安裝在稀油潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)輸送潤(rùn)滑油的管道中。通過(guò)變換密封組件在閥體中的相對(duì)位置,使閥體各通道連通或斷開(kāi),從而控制流體的換向和啟停。