82B21200 200A
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可編程邏輯器件PLD(Programmable logic Device)就是由用戶進(jìn)行編程實現(xiàn)所需邏輯功能的數(shù)字集成電路ASIC??删幊踢壿嬈骷诂F(xiàn)代電子工程設(shè)計中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。它是在PAL,GAL等邏輯器件的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的,具有高密度,高速度,低功耗體系結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯單元,靈活以及運用范圍寬等特點,同時還具有設(shè)計周期短,制造成本低,開發(fā)工具*,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)產(chǎn)品無需測試,質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定及可實時布線檢驗等優(yōu)點。
現(xiàn)場總線技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)測控局域網(wǎng)中,它可以實現(xiàn)較遠(yuǎn)距離、較快速度的信息傳輸,而且只需要雙絞線作為傳輸媒介,簡單可靠。但是,在該技術(shù)應(yīng)用中總線控制器與微機(jī)之間的接口電路一般采用單片機(jī)來實現(xiàn)。采用這種方式將導(dǎo)致較長的研發(fā)周期和龐大的電路,且難于實現(xiàn)高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。本文利用CPLD成功地實現(xiàn)了嵌入式系統(tǒng)與CAN總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)的通信,速度快,易于實現(xiàn),而且非常穩(wěn)定。
本系統(tǒng)采用的器件是Altera公司的CPLD,82B21200 200A屬于MAX7000系列。Altera公司的CPLD器件主要包括MAX系列、ACEX系列、FLEX系列和APEX系列。其中MAX系列器件為高速實
際應(yīng)用提供了非常高的性價比,這基于它*的MAX架構(gòu)。MAX7000系列提供了速度zui快的可編程邏輯器件解決方案,它基于CMOS EEPROM工藝,傳播延遲zui小為3.5ns。
2.CPLD實現(xiàn)接口電路
實時控制系統(tǒng)中,測控局域網(wǎng)利用CAN控制器實現(xiàn)微機(jī)間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。其基本的設(shè)計思想是:由于PC總線協(xié)議與CAN控制器不*,因而在它們中間設(shè)計了一個硬件電路作為接口來實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換。PC地址與數(shù)據(jù)總線是分離的,而CAN控制器數(shù)據(jù)與地址線通過分時復(fù)用來實現(xiàn)地址與數(shù)據(jù)分離,剛好與單片機(jī)*。單片機(jī)技術(shù)雖然較成熟,但是,由于涉及單片機(jī)編程和開發(fā)的周期較長,且采用單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)需要較龐大的外圍電路,不利于研制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)中。因此,用可編程邏輯器件設(shè)計接口電路,可以有效解決這些問題。
本系統(tǒng)采用“主-從”式點對點通信。系統(tǒng)硬件由兩臺PC104主機(jī)和兩塊CAN總線通信模塊組成,如圖1所示。主機(jī)采用CPU主頻為300MHz的奔騰處理器;CAN總線控制器位SJA1000T;一帶屏蔽的雙絞線作為系統(tǒng)總線;通信波特率可用軟件設(shè)置為1Mbps;為了提高通信的可靠性,用CAN控制器的報文篩選器對報文進(jìn)行篩選,來對由于干擾而產(chǎn)生的錯誤報文進(jìn)行濾波。
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